Prolactin is a hormone made by the pituitary gland, best known for its role in milk production, but it has over 300 functions in the body.
What Prolactin Does:
The primary function of prolactin is to stimulate breast development during pregnancy and milk production (lactation) after childbirth. When a baby nurses, prolactin levels rise to continue milk production. Prolactin also suppresses ovulation during breastfeeding, which is why exclusively breastfeeding women often don’t have periods.
In Men and Non-Pregnant Women:
Prolactin is present in all genders at lower levels. It influences immune function, metabolism, and reproductive health. High prolactin (hyperprolactinemia) can occur due to pituitary tumors, certain medications, or thyroid problems.
Signs of Elevated Prolactin:
In women, high prolactin can cause irregular or absent periods, unexpected breast milk production, and reduced fertility. In men, it can cause erectile dysfunction, low libido, and breast enlargement (gynecomastia). Both may experience decreased bone density.
