PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome) is one of the most common hormonal disorders affecting women of reproductive age, affecting 5-10% of women. Despite its name, not all women with PCOS have cysts on their ovaries.
Key Characteristics:
PCOS is diagnosed when at least two of three criteria are met: irregular or absent periods (indicating irregular ovulation), signs of excess androgens (such as acne, excess facial/body hair, or elevated testosterone levels), and polycystic ovaries visible on ultrasound. However, PCOS is much more than just an ovarian condition – it affects metabolism and hormones throughout the body.
The Hormonal Imbalances:
Women with PCOS typically have insulin resistance, elevated insulin levels, higher than normal androgens (male hormones like testosterone), and an imbalanced LH to FSH ratio. These hormonal disruptions can prevent regular ovulation, leading to irregular or absent periods and difficulty conceiving.
Common Symptoms:
Symptoms include irregular periods, difficulty getting pregnant, excess facial or body hair (hirsutism), acne, thinning hair on the scalp, weight gain or difficulty losing weight, and darkened skin patches. PCOS also increases risk for type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic syndrome.
