Menopause is a natural biological process marking the end of menstrual cycles and reproductive years. It’s officially diagnosed after you’ve gone 12 consecutive months without a period. The average age of menopause is 51, but it can occur anywhere from the 40s to mid-50s.
The Hormonal Changes:
During menopause, the ovaries gradually stop producing eggs and significantly decrease production of estrogen and progesterone. FSH and LH levels rise as the pituitary gland tries to stimulate the ovaries, but with diminishing response. These permanent hormonal shifts cause the changes and symptoms associated with menopause.
Types of Menopause:
Natural menopause occurs gradually through perimenopause. Surgical menopause happens immediately after removal of both ovaries. Induced menopause results from cancer treatments like chemotherapy or radiation. Premature menopause (before age 40) can occur due to genetic factors, autoimmune conditions, or unknown causes.
After Menopause:
Once you’ve reached menopause, you’re in the postmenopausal stage for the rest of your life. While many acute symptoms like hot flashes may diminish over time, the lower estrogen levels have long-term health implications including increased risk of osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, and urogenital changes.
